ABSTRACT

Biotin is a universal molecule that is essential for the metabolism of all life forms. Biotin acts as a coenzyme for carboxylases, playing a crucial role in various metabolic pathways including gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Beyond these functions, biotin also influences gene expression regulation.

The essential role of biotin for life extends back to the beginning of life, and even prebiotic metabolic organizations. This molecule has remained largely unchanged throughout the history of life, indicating its evolutionary conservation. The diversity and conservation of biotin-dependent enzymes highlight their significance in metabolic flexibility and adaptation.